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Wrongful Conviction — Police Misconduct

Maurice Caldwell — 20 Years for a Murder He Didn't Commit

County: San Francisco Severity: 8.8/10 Status: Exonerated — $8M Settlement

Maurice Caldwell spent 20 years in prison for a murder he didn't commit. The conviction rested on a single eyewitness who was manipulated by a police sergeant with a personal grudge — the officer dragged Caldwell to the witness's door and identified him by name. Another man eventually confessed to the murder. Caldwell refused every plea deal offered during his 20 years, insisting on his innocence. The city fought his civil suit for 9 years before paying $8 million.

20
Years Imprisoned
$8M
Taxpayer Settlement
1
Tainted Witness
9
Years Fighting Civil Suit

What Happened

On June 30, 1990, a drug deal went wrong in the Alemany public housing project in San Francisco, resulting in the murder of Judy Acosta. Maurice Caldwell, then 23, lived in the area.

After the shooting, a woman named Mary Cobb initially told police she didn't know the gunmen and that neither of them lived in the area. But SFPD Sergeant Kitt Crenshaw — who had a history of run-ins with Caldwell — brought Caldwell to Cobb's front door in handcuffs and identified him by name.

According to Caldwell's lawsuit, Crenshaw told Cobb: "This is Maurice Caldwell, Twone, the guy I've been telling you about."

Cobb then identified Caldwell as one of the shooters. This single tainted identification became the foundation of the prosecution's case. There was no physical evidence linking Caldwell to the crime. Other witnesses confirmed his innocence.

In 1991, Caldwell was convicted of second-degree murder and sentenced to 27 years to life.

For 20 years, Caldwell was offered plea deals that would have secured his immediate release. He refused every single one. He would not admit to a murder he didn't commit.

Another man eventually confessed to the killing. In December 2010, a San Francisco Superior Court judge overturned Caldwell's conviction, finding his defense attorney had been ineffective for failing to investigate the evidence of innocence. Caldwell walked free on March 28, 2011.

Key Players

SFPD Sergeant
Kitt Crenshaw
Had a prior history of confrontations with Caldwell. Brought Caldwell in handcuffs to the eyewitness's door and identified him by name, contaminating the identification. This tainted ID became the sole basis for a murder conviction.
San Francisco City Attorney
City Attorney's Office
Fought Caldwell's civil rights lawsuit for 9 years. Even after his conviction was overturned, the city attorney publicly stated Caldwell was "still a killer." The city ultimately paid $8 million — 9 years of litigation taxpayers funded to deny an exonerated man justice.
Defense Attorney (Original Trial)
Ineffective Counsel
Failed to investigate evidence of innocence. The judge who overturned the conviction specifically cited ineffective assistance of counsel as a basis for the new trial order.

Timeline

Jun 30, 1990
Judy Acosta murdered in Alemany housing project, San Francisco
1990
Sgt. Crenshaw brings Caldwell in handcuffs to witness's door, identifies him by name. Witness changes story.
1991
Convicted of second-degree murder. Sentenced to 27 years to life. No physical evidence. One tainted witness.
1991–2010
Refuses every plea deal for 20 years. Won't admit to a murder he didn't commit.
Dec 2010
Judge overturns conviction — ineffective counsel failed to investigate innocence evidence
Mar 28, 2011
Caldwell walks free after 20 years
2012
Files civil rights lawsuit against city and SFPD
2020
City attorney publicly states Caldwell is "still a killer" — 10 years after exoneration
Oct 2021
Board of Supervisors approves $8 million settlement after 9 years of litigation

Outcome

Exonerated After 20 Years
$8 Million — After 9 Years of Litigation

Maurice Caldwell refused to lie. For 20 years, the system offered him freedom in exchange for admitting to a murder he didn't commit. He chose prison over dishonesty.

Even after exoneration, the city attorney called him a killer. Even after another man confessed. The city spent 9 years and unknown taxpayer dollars fighting a man they knew was innocent.

Why This Matters

A police sergeant with a grudge contaminated a witness identification. A defense attorney failed to investigate innocence. A city attorney called an exonerated man a murderer a decade after his conviction was overturned.

Maurice Caldwell's case proves that the system doesn't just fail to find the truth — it actively resists it. Even when the truth is obvious. Even when another person confesses. Even when a judge overturns the conviction.

20 years. Zero plea deals accepted. Because Maurice Caldwell knew something the system didn't want to hear: he was innocent.

Take Action

Support Wrongful Conviction Reform

Northern California Innocence Project: ncip.org
SF Police Commission: (415) 837-7070 — Demand witness identification reform
SF Board of Supervisors: (415) 554-5184
CA Attorney General: oag.ca.gov/contact

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